Бекрешева Л. А.

 

Бекрешева Л. А.

(г. Луганск, ЛНР)

 

LEXICON-SEMANTIC GROUP “HATS” IN THE BRITISH LANGUAGE CULTURE

One of the central problems of modern linguistics is the problem of systematic organizing of a language vocabulary. Studying of a language vocabulary is possible by denoting out its structural elements, one of which is a lexicon-semantic field (LSF), made of smaller paradigms – lexicon-semantic groups (LSG).

A lexicon-semantic group is an association of words of one part of speech with a common main component of meaning. Lexicon-semantic group is often allocated within a lexicon-semantic field. For example: Lexicon-semantic field of Temperature includes lexicon-semantic group Temperature adjectives: warm, cold, icy, hot, cool, burning, etc. [3].

The relevance of addressing this research topic is because in British culture women’s hats have an almost totemic meaning, being the object of ritual actions and practices stretching back centuries. In ancient times, hats were associated with the burial rite, since they were believed to carry out communication with the other world. In the Middle Ages, hats become an attribute of social distinction and fall under the influence of fashion. Since then, it has become customary to demonstrate hats [5]. In Britain, a similar demonstration continues today.

Many traditional British sporting events, such as the Royal Ascot Horse Race, the Henley Regatta, the most important cricket matches (Lords Cricket) and the Wimbledon Tennis tournament have a dress code, a mandatory attribute of which is a hat. Moreover, the Royal Ascot Race involves a fashion show of ladies in hats with a very solid prize fund [5].

Lexicon-semantic system of language is one of the most complex sign systems as it is always opened for new items – new words or new meanings. This specificity has caused long disputes on the possibility to consider the word stock a system. It was a Russian linguist Irina Arnold who suggested the term adaptive system for the word stock what made possible to look at the language vocabulary as at the system which constantly develops in accordance with the new tasks it faces.

As any system, a lexicon-semantic system is based on relations between its elements: paradigmatic, syntagmatic and epidigmatic ones.

·        Paradigmatic relations are based on common or contrary meanings of words: a baby, a kid, a teenager = a child;

·        Syntagmatic relations show the possibility of combining words in a line: apple orchard – right; fruit orchard – wrong.

·        Epidigmatic relations are based on contamination of new meanings on a word: refined – очищенный + изысканный [3].

Paradigmatic relations are the proof of systematic organization of vocabulary and also the basis of understanding the matter of lexicon-semantic fields and groups in a language.

The idea of studying a language word stock after lexicon-semantic fields belongs to I. Trier and G. Ipsen, while E. Oscar and O. Dukhachek popularized the idea in linguistics.

Lexicon-semantic group is shaped as a paradigm with a hyperonym – a lexical unit with a generalized meaning and hyponyms – units which semantically belong to the same class. Thematic lexicon-semantic groups are an important link in the description of vocabulary material and the study of these groups can quite naturally be limited to a simple inventory of constitutive nomens [4]. Our work summarizes the result of the study of the lexicon-semantic group "ancient hats" in the British language culture.

Having analyzed some dictionaries we denoted out 72 articles naming different kinds of hats popular in Britain from the 6^th century to modern days. We’ve made historic classification of hats names with explanation of meaning of the words. Here are some illustrations of the work we’ve done:

The most ancient hats:

Metra – a piece of thin fabric that covers back part of head leaving a hair-style uncovered. Became a hat of Druidesses.

Coif – a soft headdress that wraps around the face. It was popular from ancient times until the nineteenth century. It purchased various volumes and decorations: lace, ribbons, etc.

Chaperone – a hood with a cape and a long drooping tail – shlyk. Worn by both men and women. The more noble the owner of the chaperone was, the longer the shlyk was.

Wimple – a two-piece headdress: a bandage that tightly wraps around the forehead and hair, as well as a piece of linen that fits around the neck and cheekbones and tied at the crown. Since the 12^th century, it was often supplemented with a long shawl.

Petasos – a summer hat with brims mostly made from straw [1; 2; 5].

Middle Ages:

Gabble – a five-cornered construction supplied by a wire. Looked like a roof of the house.

Hennin – a headdress in the shape of a cone on the whalebone frame. A veil was attached to the top of the hat. The height of the hennin depended on the degree of nobility of the lady.

Arcelet – jewelry frame in the form of a horseshoe or heart, worn on the crown of head and leaving open part of the hairstyle. It was complemented by a piece of fabric falling over the shoulders.

Bonnet – a soft hat with a high crown and the brim framing the face. The brims were usually decorated with ruffles, lace or ribbons, which often served as ties under the chin [1; 2; 5].

Renaissance Epoch:

Fontange – a headdress made of a folded starched ribbon supported by a wire frame. It resembled a cock’s comb.

Schute – a stiff hat, with a high crown and wide brim, framing the face like a bonnet. It was made of felt or straw.

Canotier – a rigid straw hat with a cylindrical crown and straight brim; was often decorated with a ribbon. The most favorite type of hat of the British Queen [1; 2; 5].

As we see the world of hats gives the linguist a bulk of words to be studied what has been done in this one research that contributes to Linguistics as well as to studying fashion history.

 

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

1. Зелёная, И. История женской шляпки [Электронный ресурс] / И. Зелёная. – Режим доступа : https://ehdu.livejournal.com/420783.htm (дата обращения: 31.10.21).

2. История возникновения женской шляпки [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа : https://www.livemaster.ru/topic/39017-istoriya-vozniknoveniya-zhenskoj-shlyapki (дата обращения: 31.10.21).

3. Филин, Ф. П. О лексико-семантических группах слов [Электронный ресурс] / Ф. П. Филин. – Режим доступа : https://scicenter.online/frazeologiya-leksikografiya-leksikologiya-scicenter/filin-leksiko-semanticheskih-gruppah-126116.html (дата обращения: 31.10.21).

4. Шеина, И. М. Лексико-семантическое поле как универсальный способ организации языкового опыта // Вестник МГОУ – 2010. – №2 [Электронный ресурс] / И. М. Шеина. – Режим доступа : http://vestnik-mgou.ru/Articles/Doc/3133 (дата обращения: 31.10.21).

5. Millinery, A. S. Hattime [Электронный ресурс] / A. S. Millinery. – Available at : https://craft-story.ru/topics/millinery/hatstory/ (дата обращения: 31.10.21).